He has extended his stay on Tyneside after a season in which he made his senior debut while on loan at Crawley Town, before helping England Under-19s reach the semi-finals of the European Under-19 Championships earlier this summer.
After joining the Red Devils last July, London-born Woodman made 12 appearances at the Checkatrade.comStadium before an injury to Tim Krul saw him return to the North-East after his season-long loan was cut short.
He ended last season as understudy to Karl Darlow in the United goal.
Woodman, who has been capped by England at under-16, under-17, under-18 and under-19 level, also had a short spell on loan at Hartlepool United in 2014.
“I’m delighted,” he said.
“I’ve been at this Club for five years and I do consider this place home now.
“It’s a great moment for me and my family to continue the journey with Newcastle and sign for four more years.”