With Brexit looming, how exactly does the UK’s trading activity currently look? Alongside British brand Gola, who have a range of metallic trainers, we look at the UK’s imports and exports. We will take a look at the items we sell the most of, exactly what we’re buying in, and which countries are currently among our top import and export locations.
The Independent states that many companies are struggling to decide on importing and exporting as they are confused over which way Brexit is going to take their business.
The key terms you MUST know
Let’s take a look at some of the key terminology:
- “Special relationship” — The oft-cited “special relationship” with the United States simmers down to our trade relationship. The UK exported £100 billion worth of goods and services to the US in 2016. This ran up a trade surplus with the States of £34 billion.
- Single market — The European Single Market is a single market that ensures there is free movement of goods, capital, labour and services within the EU.
- Customs Union — This is where a group of states or countries come together to agree to charge the same import duties to one other.
- Import and export — imports are simply the goods we buy to bring into the country. Exports are those items that we sell to countries outside of the UK.
- Trade deficit and trade surplus — these two terms can come under the balance of trade umbrella. Essentially, it is the difference between monetary value of a country’s imports and exports. If a country finds itself importing more goods than it exports, then it will have a trade deficit. If a country exports more than it exports, this is classed as trade surplus. Normally, it’s concerning to have a trade deficit, because it means the country can’t supply enough goods itself to its people, which leads to them needing to import more.
It’s important to recognise that the UK does export more to the US than any other country. However, when you class the EU as a whole with the same trade laws etc, rather than 27 separate countries, the EU imports more from the UK than the US by far.
What exactly is the UK exporting?
Taking a look at our top exports, in 2016 it was cars, according to the Observatory of Economic Complexity (OEC). This accounted for 12% of the overall $374 billion export value from that year. Other popular UK products were packaged medicaments (5.2%), gold (4.0%), gas turbines (3.5%), crude petroleum (3.4%), and hard liquor (2.1%).
You should bear in mind that exports and imports does not just mean physical goods. In the digital age, it’s so much easier to offer services as exports too. This is exactly what the UK does, via tourism, financial services, IT services, and more.
It’s also true that we also export large quantities of food and drink. Abroad, items such as whisky and salmon are extremely popular.
Which countries are the countries exporting to?
What were our top export destinations? In 2016, these were:
- United States (14%)
- Germany (9.5%)
- The Netherlands (6.0%)
- France (6.0%)
- Switzerland (5.1%)
Again, it is worth considering that Europe as a whole accounted for 55% of our top export destinations.
Also, did you know that China is one of the countries that the UK is hoping to agree a trade deal with following Brexit?
What exactly is the UK importing?
In fact, it’s interesting to note that the items we are importing are similar to those we’re exporting. One of most common imports are Cars, which take up 7.9%. An example of this is the used Smart Car, from Germany.
Gold (8.2%), packaged medicaments (3.1%), and vehicle parts (2.5%) were also among the top imports into the UK in 2016.
Which countries is the UK importing from?
The top origins of the UK’s imported products in 2016 were:
- Germany (14%)
- China (9.8%)
- United States (7.5%)
- The Netherlands (7.3%)
- France (5.8%)
The UK’s trade deficit
Although we have many popular products, the UK has a trade deficit to the EU because we import more from the EU than what we sell. We exported £274 billion worth to the EU in 2017, while we imported £341 billion’s worth from the EU. In fact, Ireland, Sweden, Denmark, and Malta were the only countries in the EU that bought more from us than we bought from them. The country to which we have the biggest trade deficit to is Germany, who sold us £26 billion more than we sold to them.
Facts also state that we have a £20 billion trade deficit with Asia. Alongside the US, we also have a trade surplus with Africa.
Unfortunately, trade deficits are often seen as negative. This is because it is classed as another form of debt. With so much uncertainty surrounding how Brexit will affect our imports and exports deals, it remains to be seen how businesses in the UK will continue to trade abroad, and if certain focuses will shift.
Sources:
https://atlas.media.mit.edu/en/profile/country/gbr/
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-41413558
https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/051515/pros-cons-trade-deficit.asp
https://fullfact.org/europe/what-trade-deficit-and-do-we-have-one-eu/
https://www.dw.com/en/is-germanys-big-export-surplus-a-problem/a-18365722